What geographic elements are included in the Border Patrol's operational scope?

The correct answer reflects the diverse and extensive nature of the Border Patrol's operational responsibilities. The Border Patrol operates in both urban and rural areas, which are critical for effectively monitoring and securing the nation’s borders. These varied environments present unique challenges and opportunities for enforcement, as urban areas may involve higher population densities and more complex logistics, while rural areas can encompass vast, less populated regions that require different patrol strategies and resources.

In contrast, the other options are limited in their scope. Focusing solely on coastal regions, mountainous areas, or outlying islands and territories would neglect the comprehensive approach that Border Patrol must take to cover all types of terrain where illegal immigration or smuggling might occur. By including both urban and rural areas, the Border Patrol enhances its ability to address a wide array of situations effectively.